Speech title "Simultaneous Stabilization of Arsenic and Lead in Contaminated Soil Using a Composite Amendment of Fishery By-Product-Derived Partially Calcined Oyster Shell and Biochar"
Abstract-In the Republic of Korea, the enactment of the Act on the Promotion of Recycling of Fishery By-products has established a legislative framework for promoting the recycling of shell waste as a substitute for industrial limestone. However, conventional in situ stabilization/solidification (S/S) using quicklime (CaO) derived from limestone is associated with substantial CO₂emissions during high-temperature calcination and may adversely affect soil health by excessively increasing soil pH. Therefore, the development of low-carbon amendments that support the circular use of fishery by-products while minimizing adverse effects on soil ecosystems is needed. In this study, discarded oyster shells were converted into partially calcined oyster shells (PCOS) and combined with rice husk biochar (RHB) to stabilize soil co-contaminated with arsenic (As) and lead (Pb). This approach was designed to address the potential limitation of pristine biochar, which may promote As mobilization under alkaline conditions. PCOS, calcined at 750 °C for 2 h, and RHB, pyrolyzed at 750 °C for 2 h, were mixed at mass ratios of 1:0.5, 1:1, and 1:2. The resulting amendments were applied to the contaminated soil at rates of 5 and 10 wt%. Following moist curing for 1 week at a moisture content of 35 wt%, the environmental availability of As and Pb was evaluated using 0.1 M HCl extraction. Increasing the PCOS mixing ratio and amendment application rate consistently increased soil pH from 8.37 to 9.34 and improved the stabilization performance. Among the tested treatments, the 10 wt% RHB–PCOS amendment with a mixing ratio of 1:2 exhibited the highest stabilization efficiency, reducing the HCl-extractable concentrations of As and Pb by 37.3% and 43.4%, respectively. These results indicate that PCOS derived from fishery by-products can supply Ca²⁺ and moderate the increase in soil alkalinity, thereby mitigating biochar-associated As mobilization while maintaining effective Pb immobilization. The combined use of PCOS and RHB provides a promising strategy for the valorization of marine waste and the development of low-carbon remediation technologies for As/Pb co-contaminated soils.